Tuesday, March 05, 2019

Automakers seek to electrify Geneva car show, fight off gloom

The Geneva Motor Show kicks off this week with automakers eager to show off new electric models, even as they nervously eye a horizon coloured by trade wars and Brexit uncertainty.

* This article was originally published here

Business analysts suggest that renewable hydrogen is already cost competitive in niche applications

Two business management analysts with the Technical University of Munich and the University of Mannheim have conducted a study of two wind-power based hydrogen production facilities in Germany and the U.S. to find out if investors should consider such efforts as viable opportunities. In their paper published in the journal Nature Energy, Gunther Glenk and Stefan Reichelstein claim that their analysis shows that such efforts are, indeed, cost competitive in niche applications, and thus should be considered as sound investment opportunities.

* This article was originally published here

Researchers outline goals for collecting and studying samples from Mars

Returning samples from the surface of Mars has been a high-priority goal of the international Mars exploration community for many years. Although randomly collected samples would be potentially interesting, they would not be sufficient to answer the big questions that have motivated Mars exploration for decades.

* This article was originally published here

Scientists put ichthyosaurs in virtual water tanks

Using computer simulations and 3-D models, palaeontologists from the University of Bristol have uncovered more detail on how Mesozoic sea dragons swam.

* This article was originally published here

FDA poised to approve ketamine-like drug to ease depression

(HealthDay)—The U.S. Food and Drug Administration could give its approval this week to esketamine—a relative of the "club drug" and anesthetic ketamine—against severe depression.

* This article was originally published here

Methanol toxicity can result from occupational exposure

(HealthDay)—Methanol toxicity can occur as a consequence of occupational exposure, according to a research letter published online March 5 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

* This article was originally published here

The first look at how hacked self-driving cars would affect New York City traffic

As automated cars become more commonplace, it is increasingly likely that internet-connected vehicles could be simultaneously disabled. Currently, regulators tend to focus on preventing individual incidents, like the pedestrian who was struck and killed by a self-driving Uber in Arizona last year. However, they fall short of addressing the effects of a large-scale hack in an urban setting.

* This article was originally published here

Researchers 3-D print ultra-strong steel parts from powder

Soldiers needing replacement parts may turn to 3-D printers in the future to rapidly deliver reliable and ultra-strong metal parts. Army researchers are looking at new technologies to create steel alloy parts from powder using a laser.

* This article was originally published here

Autonomous drones can help search and rescue after disasters

When disasters happen – whether a natural disaster like a flood or earthquake, or a human-caused one like a mass shooting or bombing – it can be extremely dangerous to send first responders in, even though there are people who badly need help.

* This article was originally published here

Owls against owls in a challenge for survival

Scientists are puzzling out how to address the declining numbers of northern spotted owls (NSO) in their Pacific Northwest forest habitat. A new study in the Ecological Society of America's journal Ecological Applications explores the reasons why spotted owls are losing a foothold in their habitat, forecasts future habitat conditions and species interactions, and suggests best management practices.

* This article was originally published here

30 years later, Berners-Lee sees mission to fix internet's ills

Worldwide web inventor Tim Berners-Lee said Tuesday he is on a mission to fix the problems of online abuse, misinformation and data protection that were not envisioned when the system was created decades earlier.

* This article was originally published here

Mom-to-mom phone calls lift breastfeeding rate

An Australian study of more than 1200 women has found regular phone calls between first time mothers and other volunteer mothers with previous breastfeeding experience may be the key to boosting national breastfeeding rates.

* This article was originally published here

Generating cross-modal sensory data for robotic visual-tactile perception

Perceiving an object only visually (e.g. on a screen) or only by touching it, can sometimes limit what we are able to infer about it. Human beings, however, have the innate ability to integrate visual and tactile stimuli, leveraging whatever sensory data is available to complete their daily tasks.

* This article was originally published here

New AI approach bridges the 'slim-data gap' that can stymie deep learning approaches

Scientists have developed a deep neural network that sidesteps a problem that has bedeviled efforts to apply artificial intelligence to tackle complex chemistry—a shortage of precisely labeled chemical data. The new method gives scientists an additional tool to apply deep learning to explore drug discovery, new materials for manufacturing, and a swath of other applications.

* This article was originally published here

Security team discussed weakness in bare-metal services

Back door open. Never a good sign in a computer security environment. Researchers poking around are sure to call out their discoveries in an instance such as the recent one, where cloud servers looked as if they could be compromised.

* This article was originally published here

3-D bioprinted, vascularized proximal tubules mimic the human kidney's reabsorption functions

Every day our kidneys tackle the daunting task of continuously cleaning our blood to prevent waste, salt and excess fluid from building up inside our bodies. To achieve this, the kidneys' approximately one million filtration units (glomeruli) first remove both waste products and precious nutrients from the blood stream, then specialized structures known as the proximal tubules reabsorb the "good" molecules returning them to our bloodstream. While the reabsorptive functions of the proximal tubule can be compromised by drugs, chemicals, or genetic and blood-borne diseases, our understanding of how these effects occur is still limited.

* This article was originally published here

Stereotactic body RT promising for low-, intermediate-risk PCa

(HealthDay)—In men with low-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer, stereotactic body radiotherapy is associated with low rates of severe toxic events and high rates of biochemical control, according to a study published online Feb. 8 in JAMA Network Open.

* This article was originally published here

Niger launches campaign to protect 6 mn children from meningitis

The impoverished Sahel state of Niger on Tuesday launched a campaign to vaccinate six million children against meningitis, which killed nearly 200 people two years ago.

* This article was originally published here

Researchers study Alaska forest fires over past 450 years

In a recent study, University of Montana researchers explored the ways forest succession and climate variability interacted and influenced fires in Alaska's boreal forests over the past four centuries—from 1550 to 2015.

* This article was originally published here

FDA poised to approve ketamine-like drug to ease depression

(HealthDay)—The U.S. Food and Drug Administration could give its approval this week to esketamine—a relative of the "club drug" and anesthetic ketamine—against severe depression.

* This article was originally published here

Artificial intelligence digitally stains tissue samples used in pathology, saving labor, time and cost

Histopathology is one of the main methods used for diagnosis of disease. Following a medical screening process, a patient can undergo a biopsy, in which a piece of tissue is removed for further inspection and diagnostic analysis. This tissue specimen is then sliced into thin sections that are on the order of a few millionths of a meter in thickness. These thin sections of tissue contain at the microscopic scale the diagnostic information regarding the patient's condition. However, they exhibit almost no contrast under standard light microscopy. To reveal these microscopic features embedded inside tissue and bring visible contrast for inspection by a pathologist, various tissue staining methods have been created in pathology dating back to more than 150 years ago. These tissue staining procedures use different types of colored dyes that specifically label micro-scale structures in tissue, forming colorful images of specimens, which have been widely used as a gold standard diagnostic method in modern medicine.

* This article was originally published here

A new method to generate gestures for different social robots

Social robots are designed to communicate with human beings naturally, assisting them with a variety of tasks. The effective use of gestures could greatly enhance robot-human interactions, allowing robots to communicate both verbally and non-verbally.

* This article was originally published here

BU conducts first experimental evaluation of pharmaceutical industry-led access program

Study of Novartis Access program in Kenya demonstrates it is possible to evaluate major pharmaceutical companies' access programs using robust, 'gold standard' methods.

* This article was originally published here

Researchers study Alaska forest fires over past 450 years

In a recent study, University of Montana researchers explored the ways forest succession and climate variability interacted and influenced fires in Alaska's boreal forests over the past four centuries—from 1550 to 2015.

* This article was originally published here

Modern beer yeast emerged from mix of European grape wine, Asian rice wine yeast

For thousands of years brewers made beer using specialized strains of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The historical origins of brewer's yeast are not well understood, however, as brewing predates the discovery of microbes. A new study publishing March 5 in the open-access journal PLOS Biology, led by Justin Fay at the University of Rochester, shows that modern brewing strains were derived from a mixture of European grape wine and Asian rice wine strains. This finding points to the emergence of beer yeast from a historical East-West transfer of fermentation technology, similar to the transfer of domesticated plants and animals by way of the Silk Route.

* This article was originally published here

Scaling up innovative sensor installation on the Mighty Mac

The first 20 prototype infrastructure sensors installed in 2016 on the Mackinac Bridge, powered solely by vibrations from traffic, have proven their durability and performed as intended. Now researchers from Michigan State University and Washington University in St. Louis are ready to roll out the next phase of testing, installing up to 2,000 of the tiny devices to explore the logistics of a large-scale deployment and provide useful monitoring data to the Mackinac Bridge Authority.

* This article was originally published here

Integrated therapy treating obesity and depression is effective

An intervention combining behavioral weight loss treatment and problem-solving therapy with as-needed antidepressant medication for participants with co-occurring obesity and depression improved weight loss and depressive symptoms compared with routine physician care, according to an article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

* This article was originally published here

NASA's infrared vision reveals Tropical Cyclone Haleh's power

Tropical Cyclone Haleh maintained an eye as NASA's Aqua satellite passed overhead and collected temperature information on the storm and the ocean waters it was moving through.

* This article was originally published here

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