Monday, April 29, 2019

Computer scientists design way to close 'backdoors' in AI-based security systems

It sounds like a plot out of a spy novel, with a touch of cyberpunk: An agent approaches a secure location, protected by a facial recognition system, accessible only to a head of state or CEO. Flashing an unusually shaped earring, the agent tricks the system into thinking they're that VIP, opening the door and exposing the secrets inside. The key—an undetectable "sleeper cell" was placed inside the AI behind the security system months or years earlier to grant access to anyone wearing the specified jewelry.

* This article was originally published here

Research suggests strategy for more equitable Medicare reimbursement

Those who were enrolled in both Medicare and Medicaid were sicker, had more cognitive impairments and difficulty functioning, and needed more social support than those who were not enrolled in both government programs, Saint Louis University research found. These patients also had significantly higher healthcare costs.

* This article was originally published here

E. coli outbreak tied to ground beef climbs to 177 cases

(HealthDay)—U.S. health officials report that 177 cases of E. coli illness linked with tainted ground beef have now been reported across 10 states.

* This article was originally published here

Patterns of compulsive smartphone use suggest how to kick the habit

Everywhere you look, people are looking at screens. In the decade since smartphones have become ubiquitous, we now have a feeling almost as common as the smartphones themselves: being sucked into that black hole of staring at those specific apps—you know which ones they are—and then a half an hour has gone by before you realize it.

* This article was originally published here

Study reveals hip and knee replacement performance in England and Wales

The performance of different prosthetic implant combinations used in patients undergoing hip and knee replacements in England and Wales over the last 14 years have, for the first time, been directly compared in two new studies. The University of Bristol findings, published in the BMJ Open today, reveal substantial variability in the performance of different joint replacements, and the number of patients requiring a second surgery.

* This article was originally published here

New polymer films conduct heat instead of trapping it

Polymers are usually the go-to material for thermal insulation. Think of a silicone oven mitt, or a Styrofoam coffee cup, both manufactured from polymer materials that are excellent at trapping heat.

* This article was originally published here

Fast, efficient and durable artificial synapse developed

The brain's capacity for simultaneously learning and memorizing large amounts of information while requiring little energy has inspired an entire field to pursue brain-like – or neuromorphic – computers. Researchers at Stanford University and Sandia National Laboratories previously developed one portion of such a computer: a device that acts as an artificial synapse, mimicking the way neurons communicate in the brain.

* This article was originally published here

Several US airlines hit by brief computer-related outage

At least three major U.S. airlines were briefly affected Monday by an outage at a technology provider that shut down ticketing and check-in online and at airport kiosks.

* This article was originally published here

Improving security as artificial intelligence moves to smartphones

Smartphones, security cameras, and speakers are just a few of the devices that will soon be running more artificial intelligence software to speed up image- and speech-processing tasks. A compression technique known as quantization is smoothing the way by making deep learning models smaller to reduce computation and energy costs. But smaller models, it turns out, make it easier for malicious attackers to trick an AI system into misbehaving—a concern as more complex decision-making is handed off to machines.

* This article was originally published here

PaintBot: A deep learning student that trains then mimics old masters

Artificial intelligence has been showing us many ish tricks as apers of human-created art, and now a team of researchers have impressed AI watchers with PaintBot. They have managed to unleash their AI as a capable mimic of the old masters.

* This article was originally published here

Parasitoid wasps may turn spiders into zombies by hacking their internal code

Parasitoid wasps lay their eggs on a spider's back. This team proposes that by injecting the spider host with the molting hormone, ecdysone, the wasp induces the spider to make a special web for the wasp's pupa.

* This article was originally published here

Morning exercise can improve decision-making across the day in older adults

A study of older Australians has found a morning bout of moderate-intensity exercise improves cognitive performance like decision-making across the day compared to prolonged sitting without exercise.

* This article was originally published here

Transition support program may aid young adults with type 1 diabetes

(HealthDay)—Structured support for patients transitioning from pediatric to adult care for type 1 diabetes may improve outcomes, but those benefits are not sustained after completion of the intervention, according to a study published online April 22 in Diabetes Care.

* This article was originally published here

Study reveals hip and knee replacement performance in England and Wales

The performance of different prosthetic implant combinations used in patients undergoing hip and knee replacements in England and Wales over the last 14 years have, for the first time, been directly compared in two new studies. The University of Bristol findings, published in the BMJ Open today, reveal substantial variability in the performance of different joint replacements, and the number of patients requiring a second surgery.

* This article was originally published here

Security researcher discovers hotspot finder app with leaks

Another day, another app mishap story, and it is in the Ouch range. This one is called WiFi Finder.

* This article was originally published here

Won't you be my neighbor? House hunting is a struggle for mixed-race couples with children

Mixed-race couples are a burgeoning population in the United States, accounting for 17 percent of all new marriages.

* This article was originally published here

E. coli outbreak tied to ground beef climbs to 177 cases

(HealthDay)—U.S. health officials report that 177 cases of E. coli illness linked with tainted ground beef have now been reported across 10 states.

* This article was originally published here

Astronauts might soon grow SPACE tomatoes

Tiny tomato plants developed at the University of California, Riverside, could one day feed astronauts on the International Space Station. The plants have minimal leaves and stems but still produce a normal amount of fruit, making them a potentially productive crop for cultivation anywhere with limited soil and natural resources.

* This article was originally published here

US one of only eight countries where child and adolescent health improved but maternal mortality worsened since 1990

The United States is one of only eight countries in the world where decreases in child and adolescent mortality over a 27-year period haven't also been matched by reductions in maternal mortality, according to a new scientific study.

* This article was originally published here

Beluga whale with Russian harness raises alarm in Norway

A beluga whale found with a tight harness that appeared to be Russian made has raised the alarm of Norwegian officials and prompted speculation that the animal may have come from a Russian military facility.

* This article was originally published here

Team studies what email users want for better automating email, proposes "YouPS" filtering tool

"Inbox zero" often feels like the ultimate unattainable goal. You can spend hours organizing your email, and somehow a deluge of new messages will always emerge.

* This article was originally published here

Plant cells eat their own... membranes and oil droplets

Biochemists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory have discovered two ways that autophagy, or self-eating, controls the levels of oils in plant cells. The study, published in The Plant Cell on April 29, 2019, describes how this cannibalistic-sounding process actually helps plants survive. It also provides mechanistic details scientists might leverage to get plants to accumulate more oil.

* This article was originally published here

Parents, protect your kids as measles outbreaks spread

(HealthDay)—As measles outbreaks spread across the United States, there are a number of things parents need to know, a leading pediatricians' group says.

* This article was originally published here

How the bumble bee got its stripes

Researchers have discovered a gene that drives color differences within a species of bumble bees. This discovery helps to explain the highly diverse color patterns among bumble bee species as well as how mimicry—individuals in an area adopting similar color patterns—evolves. A study describing the gene, which occurs in a highly conserved region of the genome that provides blueprints for segmentation, was led by researchers at Penn State and appears April 29, 2019, in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

* This article was originally published here

Ethane storage seen as key to revitalization of Appalachia

Plans are underway in Appalachia to create two underground facilities to store ethane, a byproduct of natural gas drilling seen as integral to revitalizing a region still struggling from the loss of industrial and manufacturing jobs decades ago.

* This article was originally published here

Takes a licking and keeps on storing

Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis made an energy storage device that can withstand a hammer striking it more than 40 times. The shatterproof supercapacitor is also nonflammable, unlike lithium-ion batteries. The new work is the cover story of the April 23 issue of the journal Sustainable Energy and Fuels.

* This article was originally published here

As oceans warm, microbes could pump more CO2 back into air, study warns

The world's oceans soak up about a quarter of the carbon dioxide that humans pump into the air each year—a powerful brake on the greenhouse effect. In addition to purely physical and chemical processes, a large part of this is taken up by photosynthetic plankton as they incorporate carbon into their bodies. When plankton die, they sink, taking the carbon with them. Some part of this organic rain will end up locked into the deep ocean, insulated from the atmosphere for centuries or more. But what the ocean takes, the ocean also gives back. Before many of the remains get very far, they are consumed by aerobic bacteria. And, just like us, those bacteria respire by taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. Much of that regenerated CO2 thus ends up back in the air.

* This article was originally published here

Widespread brain connections enable face recognition

Remembering a familiar face engages a wider network of brain regions than previously thought, according to a study of healthy men and women published in JNeurosci.

* This article was originally published here

New technique uses power anomalies to ID malware in embedded systems

Researchers from North Carolina State University and the University of Texas at Austin have developed a technique for detecting types of malware that use a system's architecture to thwart traditional security measures. The new detection approach works by tracking power fluctuations in embedded systems.

* This article was originally published here

Oral cancer detection by dentists is significantly on the rise

After examining data gathered over an 11-year period in a first-of-its-kind provincial study, University of Toronto clinician-scientist Marco Magalhaes has one vital message: dentists in Ontario are detecting more cases of oral cancer and pre-cancer than ever before—and it's saving lives.

* This article was originally published here

Officials declare measles outbreak in Pacific Northwest over

A measles outbreak that sickened more than 70 people, mostly children, in the Pacific Northwest is finally over even as the total number of cases nationwide continues to spike to near-record levels , officials said Monday.

* This article was originally published here

Predicting heart disease, stroke could be as easy as a blood test

Imagine getting a simple blood test to help doctors predict your risk for having a heart attack or stroke.

* This article was originally published here

Many smokers switch to vaping while pregnant, but safety issues remain

(HealthDay)—Are many women who smoke switching to e-cigarettes during pregnancy?

* This article was originally published here

Tailoring exercise to your age

(HealthDay)—Exercise is a great way to stay youthful and even turn back the clock on aging. If you're new to exercise or simply want a fitness reboot, here are ideas by the decade.

* This article was originally published here

Does diet affect a child's ADHD?

(HealthDay)—Parents of kids with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may change their child's diet in the hope it might ease the disorder's symptoms.

* This article was originally published here

For certain invasive species, catching infestation early pays off

An international research team led by invasion ecologist Bethany Bradley at the University of Massachusetts Amherst has conducted the first global meta-analysis of the characteristics and size of invasive alien species' impacts on native species as invaders become more abundant.

* This article was originally published here

Study: Mindfulness may help decrease stress in caregivers of veterans

Mindfulness therapy may be an effective way of mitigating the stress experienced by spouses and other informal caregivers for military veterans, a new study by researchers at the University of Illinois suggests.

* This article was originally published here

Transition support program may aid young adults with type 1 diabetes

(HealthDay)—Structured support for patients transitioning from pediatric to adult care for type 1 diabetes may improve outcomes, but those benefits are not sustained after completion of the intervention, according to a study published online April 22 in Diabetes Care.

* This article was originally published here

New 3-D microscope visualises fast biological processes better than ever

Researchers from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg have combined their expertise to develop a new type of microscope. The revolutionary new light-field microscopy system makes it possible to study fast biological processes, creating up to 200 3-D images per second. Initial tests have already delivered new insights into the movement of blood cells in a heart.

* This article was originally published here

A simple technique allows robots to recognize touch and proximity

Researchers at the University of Hertfordshire have recently proposed an easy and configurable technique that enhances a robot's ability to perceive and interact with people in its surroundings. Their technique, presented in a paper pre-published on arXiv, utilizes affordable Bluetooth low energy (BLE) devices. Among its many possible applications, it could enhance therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), allowing robots to act as mediators and monitor children in their surroundings.

* This article was originally published here

Deep learning takes Saturn by storm

A 'deep learning' approach to detecting storms on Saturn is set to transform our understanding of planetary atmospheres, according to UCL and University of Arizona researchers.

* This article was originally published here

Fecal transplants may be best answer to antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Transplanting human donor fecal microbiota into the colon of a patient infected with Clostridiodes difficile (C. diff) may be the best treatment for those not helped by C. diff targeted antibiotics, according to an article in the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.

* This article was originally published here

A personality test for ads: Machine learning algorithms could personalize advertisements for individual consumers

It's no surprise that images used for advertising on television and online play a powerful role in triggering emotions and shaping impressions of products or brands, but an ad that appeals to one person may seem irrelevant or distasteful to another. What if it was possible to start personalizing ads viewed by different consumers based on their personality types?

* This article was originally published here

Kindness: What I've learned from 3,000 children and adolescents

After asking more than 3,000 students about kindness, I've learned a lot about just how children and adolescents understand and enact kindness, especially at school. The results might surprise parents and educators.

* This article was originally published here

Using a printed adversarial patch to fool an AI system

A trio of researchers at the University of KU Leuven in Belgium has found that it is possible to confuse an AI system by printing a certain picture and holding it against their body as the AI system tries to identify them as a human being. Simen Thys, Wiebe Van Ranst and Toon Goedemé have written a paper describing their efforts and have uploaded it to the arXiv preprint server. They have also posted a video on YouTube showing what they accomplished.

* This article was originally published here

Magma is the key to the moon's makeup

For more than a century, scientists have squabbled over how the Earth's moon formed. But researchers at Yale and in Japan say they may have the answer.

* This article was originally published here

A drug for autism? Potential treatment for Pitt-Hopkins syndrome offers clues

In 2019, geeks are cool, and the idea that they might be on the autism spectrum is celebrated. Nowhere is this truer than in Silicon Valley, one of the few places in America where social quirkiness and laser focus attention to detail are more often rewarded than criticized. Often lauded as an example of a success story in autism circles, renowned scientist Temple Grandin, once told a California newspaper, "Half of Silicon Valley's got mild autism, they just avoid the labels."

* This article was originally published here

What a never-before-seen radioactive decay could tell us about neutrinos

Bill Fairbank is looking for... nothing.

* This article was originally published here

Are Canadians kept in the dark about new risks of medicines?

Government warnings about potential drug safety risks vary significantly across countries, according to a new international study co-authored by researchers at the University of British Columbia.

* This article was originally published here

Bach and Adele: Knock yourselves out on MuseNet

OpenAI is introducing a musical MuseNet, the music-generating AI that was in the news earlier this week. Some AI watchers were calling the music OpenAI just unveiled as amazing.

* This article was originally published here

Security researcher discovers hotspot finder app with leaks

Another day, another app mishap story, and it is in the Ouch range. This one is called WiFi Finder.

* This article was originally published here

Study highlights how little we know about women terrorists

The first large-scale research project evaluating the characteristics of women involved in jihadism-inspired terrorism finds significant differences between men and women in both their backgrounds and their roles within terrorist groups. The study highlights potential flaws in existing models of radicalization, threat assessment tools and counter-terrorism strategies – all of which rely primarily on data regarding male terrorists.

* This article was originally published here

Privacy settings can help ease suspicion of recommendation-making sites and apps

When people see that they can control their privacy settings on websites and apps that offer entertainment or product recommendations, they tend to be more trusting of those sites, according to researchers.

* This article was originally published here

Cute or creepy: Why humans love some species, loathe others

The Chinese giant salamander, the largest amphibian in the world, is not cute.

* This article was originally published here

Talos reports on new, sophisticated hacking group manipulating DNS systems

A hacking group has gone after government domains—they targeted 40 government and intelligence agencies, telecoms and internet giants in 13 countries for more than two years, said reports. This is a new, sophisticated team of hackers spying on dozens of targets, said Wired.

* This article was originally published here

Water creates traps in organic electronics

Poor-quality organic semiconductors can become high-quality semiconductors when manufactured in the correct way. Researchers at Linköping University show in an article in Nature Materials that the motion of charges in organic electronic devices is dramatically slowed down by minute amounts of water.

* This article was originally published here

Microbes hitch a ride on high-flying dust

Dust doesn't just accumulate under your bed. It can also travel for thousands of kilometers, across continents and oceans.

source https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-news-blog/microbes-hitch-a-ride-on-high-flying-dust

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Swan EGGs in the sky: Astronomers conduct radio observations of free-floating evaporating gas globules in Cygnus OB2

Using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), astronomers have carried out radio observations of the so-called free-floating evaporating gas globules or (frEGGs) in the Cygnus OB2 region. Results of this observational campaign, presented in a paper published April 17 on arXiv.org, provide more details about the properties of these peculiar objects.

* This article was originally published here

Using 60% less water in paper production

An EPFL researcher has developed a mathematical model for optimizing heat transfer in factories and dramatically reducing water and energy consumption. The model could, in theory, cut water use by 60 percent at a Canadian paper mill and allow the facility to produce as much as six times more power.

* This article was originally published here

An ultra-stretchable triboelectric strip sensor (TSS) to control objects in 3-D space

Nanogenerators, technological tools that can convert mechanical or thermal energy into electricity, come in three key designs: piezoelectric, triboelectric and pyroelectric. While piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators can convert mechanical energy into electricity, pyroelectric ones work by harvesting thermal energy.

* This article was originally published here

Higher BMI linked with increased risk of serious health problems and death in study of 2.8 million UK adults

A new study has shed light on the link between higher body mass index (BMI) and serious health outcomes and death in over 2.8 million adults representative of the UK population.

* This article was originally published here

China's quest for clean, limitless energy heats up

A ground-breaking fusion reactor built by Chinese scientists is underscoring Beijing's determination to be at the core of clean energy technology, as it eyes a fully-functioning plant by 2050.

* This article was originally published here

Eat, sleep and console tool decreases length of stay and post natal use of opiates

A new quality improvement tool called Eat, Sleep and Console (ESC) shows consistent signs of improved care of opioid-exposed newborns in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Findings from the study will be presented during the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2019 Meeting, taking place on April 24—May 1 in Baltimore.

* This article was originally published here

Women who have undergone weight-loss surgery may be at greater risk of pregnancy and birth complications

Women who have undergone weight-loss surgery appear to be at higher risk of developing complications during pregnancy, and their babies seem more likely to be born prematurely, small for gestational age, have congenital anomalies and be admitted to intensive care, according to the most comprehensive assessment of how bariatric surgery affects pregnancy outcomes, being presented at this year's European Congress on Obesity (ECO) in Glasgow, UK (28 April-1 May).

* This article was originally published here

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