Thursday, April 25, 2019

Natural landscapes? Scientists call for a paradigm shift in restoration projects

Regardless of whether we are dealing with a floodplain landscape or an entire national park, the success of a restoration project depends on more than just the reintroduction of individual plant or animal species into an area. An international team of researchers led by Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU) and the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig reveals it is more a matter of helping the damaged ecosystem to regenerate and sustain itself. In the current issue of the journal Science the researchers describe how rewilding measures can be better planned and implemented—and the benefits this can have on humans.

* This article was originally published here

Here we go again: Earth's major 'mass extinctions'

Most scientists agree that a "mass extinction" event is underway on Earth, with species disappearing hundreds of time quicker under the influence of human activity.

* This article was originally published here

How to take the 'petro' out of the petrochemicals industry

Fossil fuels are the backbone of the global petrochemicals industry, which provides the world's growing population with fuels, plastics, clothing, fertilizers and more. A new research paper, published today in Science, charts a course for how an alternative technology—renewable electrosynthesis—could usher in a more sustainable chemical industry, and ultimately enable us to leave much more oil and gas in the ground.

* This article was originally published here

A first in medical robotics: Autonomous navigation inside the body

Bioengineers at Boston Children's Hospital report the first demonstration of a robot able to navigate autonomously inside the body. In an animal model of cardiac valve repair, the team programmed a robotic catheter to find its way along the walls of a beating, blood-filled heart to a leaky valve—without a surgeon's guidance. They report their work today in Science Robotics.

* This article was originally published here

Caffeine gives solar cells an energy boost

Scientists from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Solargiga Energy in China have discovered that caffeine can help make a promising alternative to traditional solar cells more efficient at converting light to electricity. Their research, published April 25 in the journal Joule, may enable this cost-effective renewable energy technology to compete on the market with silicon solar cells.

* This article was originally published here

Mysterious eruption came from Campi Flegrei caldera

The caldera-forming eruption of Campi Flegrei (Italy) 40,000 years ago is the largest known eruption in Europe during the last 200,000 years, but little is known about other large eruptions at the volcano prior to a more recent caldera-forming event 15,000 years ago. A new Geology article by Paul Albert and colleagues discusses a 29,000-year-old eruption, here verified as coming from Campi Flegrei, that spread a volcanic ash layer more than 150,000 square kilometers of the Mediterranean.

* This article was originally published here

Novel vaccine for colorectal cancer shows positive phase I results

A new colorectal cancer vaccine showed positive results in the phase 1 clinical trial to demonstrate that the approach is safe. The patients treated had no signs of serious adverse events and samples of their blood contained markers of immune activation—an early indication that the vaccine could activate immune cells to fight colorectal tumors and metastases. Further tests to determine if the vaccine is effective at slowing tumor growth are forthcoming.

* This article was originally published here

Tesla CEO plans to hand the car keys to robots next year

Tesla CEO Elon Musk expects to start converting the company's electric cars into fully self-driving vehicles next year as part of an audacious plan to create a network of robotic taxis to compete against Uber and other ride-hailing services.

* This article was originally published here

Using a printed adversarial patch to fool an AI system

A trio of researchers at the University of KU Leuven in Belgium has found that it is possible to confuse an AI system by printing a certain picture and holding it against their body as the AI system tries to identify them as a human being. Simen Thys, Wiebe Van Ranst and Toon Goedemé have written a paper describing their efforts and have uploaded it to the arXiv preprint server. They have also posted a video on YouTube showing what they accomplished.

* This article was originally published here

New technique uses power anomalies to ID malware in embedded systems

Researchers from North Carolina State University and the University of Texas at Austin have developed a technique for detecting types of malware that use a system's architecture to thwart traditional security measures. The new detection approach works by tracking power fluctuations in embedded systems.

* This article was originally published here

No assembly required: Researchers automate microrobotic designs

Assembling a microrobot used to require a pair of needle-nosed tweezers, a microscope, steady hands and at least eight hours. But now University of Toronto Engineering researchers have developed a method that requires only a 3-D printer and 20 minutes.

* This article was originally published here

Researchers discover how eating feeds into the body clock

New research has found it is not just what you eat, but when you eat that is important, knowledge which could improve the health of shift workers and people suffering from jet lag.

* This article was originally published here

Pregnant women with type 1 diabetes are at risk of giving birth prematurely

Pregnant women with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of delivering their baby prematurely. The risk increases as blood sugar levels rise, however women who maintain the recommended levels also risk giving birth prematurely. These are the findings from researchers at Karolinska Institutet and the Sahlgrenska Academy in Sweden, published in Annals of Internal Medicine.

* This article was originally published here

When pregnant women take kratom, their babies may suffer

In the past couple of years, two newborn babies in Buffalo experienced withdrawal as a result of their exposure to kratom in utero.

* This article was originally published here

Electronic health records may compromise safety for chemotherapy patients

Electronic health records were supposed to streamline patient information, but in the decade since inception, health workers claim they have compromised patient care and complicated their jobs.

* This article was originally published here

What makes mosquitoes avoid DEET? An answer in their legs

Many of us slather ourselves in DEET each summer in hopes of avoiding mosquito bites, and it generally works rather well. Now, researchers reporting in the journal Current Biology on April 25th have made the surprising discovery that part of the reason for DEET's success can be found in the mosquito's legs, not their biting mouthparts.

* This article was originally published here

An ultra-stretchable triboelectric strip sensor (TSS) to control objects in 3-D space

Nanogenerators, technological tools that can convert mechanical or thermal energy into electricity, come in three key designs: piezoelectric, triboelectric and pyroelectric. While piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators can convert mechanical energy into electricity, pyroelectric ones work by harvesting thermal energy.

* This article was originally published here

Rare disease gives new insight into regulatory T cell function

An international study led from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden provides new insights into the regulatory T cells' role in protecting against autoimmune disease. By mapping the targets of the immune system in patients with the rare disease IPEX, they were able to show that regulatory T cells control immunotolerance in the gut. The results are published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

* This article was originally published here

Pole-to-pole study of ocean life identifies nearly 200,000 marine viruses

An international team has conducted the first-ever global survey of the ecological diversity of viruses in the oceans during expeditions aboard a single sailboat, the Tara. They identified nearly 200,000 marine viral species, which vastly exceeds the 15,000 known from prior ocean surveys of these waters and the approximately 2,000 genomes available from cultured viruses of microbes. Their findings, appearing April 25 in the journal Cell, have implications for understanding issues ranging from evolution to climate change, because they help create a new picture of our planet and how it may be impacted by interactions among organisms.

* This article was originally published here

Intel 9th-gen processors: Good tidings for gamers and creators

An Intel outlay of what's new and spiffy about its 9th generation core processor family grabbed Tuesday's tech-watching observers, who went over the list.

* This article was originally published here

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