Utilizing the Capacity Below 0V to Maximize Lithium Storage of Hard Carbon Anodes

Hard carbon anodes have been widely used in lithium-ion batteries due to their high capacity and low cost. However, the capacity of hard carbon anodes is limited by the irreversible lithium storage below 0V. In recent years, researchers have been exploring ways to utilize this capacity to maximize the lithium storage of hard carbon anodes.

What is the Capacity Below 0V?

The capacity below 0V refers to the irreversible lithium storage in hard carbon anodes at voltages below the thermodynamic potential of graphite (0.05V vs. Li/Li+). This irreversible lithium storage is caused by the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the surface of the anode, which consumes lithium ions and reduces the available capacity of the anode.

Utilizing the Capacity Below 0V

One approach to utilize the capacity below 0V is to modify the surface of the hard carbon anode to enhance the formation of SEI. This can be achieved by introducing functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, and ether groups on the surface of the anode. These functional groups can react with the electrolyte to form a more stable SEI, which can reduce the consumption of lithium ions and increase the available capacity of the anode.

Another approach is to use a dual-ion battery configuration, where the anode is paired with a cathode that operates at a higher voltage than the anode. In this configuration, the anode can be charged to a higher voltage than its thermodynamic potential, which can induce the formation of a reversible SEI. This reversible SEI can store additional lithium ions and increase the available capacity of the anode.

Conclusion

The capacity below 0V in hard carbon anodes can be utilized to maximize the lithium storage of the anode. By modifying the surface of the anode or using a dual-ion battery configuration, the irreversible lithium storage can be reduced, and the available capacity of the anode can be increased. These approaches can lead to the development of high-capacity and low-cost lithium-ion batteries, which can have a significant impact on the energy storage industry.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-technology-news/utilizing-the-capacity-below-0v-to-maximize-lithium-storage-of-hard-carbon-anodes

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